Initially this guide displays common flowers of all colors that are blooming right now in our area. Use the selectors to view rare species, to view flowers blooming any time, to restrict the output to a certain color, or to search by name.
The Jemez Mountain Herbarium located at PEEC has a specimen collection of over 1,000 plant species that are found in the Jemez Mountain region. This guide was developed as a subset of this collection to help in the identification of the most prevalent flowering plants in Los Alamos County. Most of the plants shown here are native to the area, though a few were introduced to the region.
Monocot and both simple and composite flowering dicots are covered in this guide. This information is included in each description and potentially makes it easier to identify the different plants.
- monocot – seed has 1 embryonic leaf; flower parts com in multiples of 3; leaves have parallel veins
- dicot – seed has 1 embryonic leaves; flower parts com in multiples of 4 or 5; leaves have scattered veins
- simple flower – single, symmetric flowers; usually 3 to 6 petals that emerge from the flower center
- composite flower – multiple, tiny flowers arranged on a single base, typically rays around a disc; each tiny flower has its own seed
Most of the plants represented here are classified as forb/herb which are plants without significant woody growth. However, some flowering shrubs and trees have been included. Many of the later can also be found in the PEEC Tree Guide. This guide does not include any noxious weeds from the area. These are covered in the PEEC Invasive Plant Guide.
You can get additional information on local blooms by joining PEEC Wild Plants. More detailed descriptions can be found in Plants of the Jemez Mountains Volumes 2 and 3, which are available in the PEEC gift shop.
Flower References
American Southwest Plants
Annotated Checklist and Database for Vascular Plants of the Jemez Mountains
Colorado Rocky Mountain Wildflowers
Flora of North America
Foxx, T., Martin, C., and Hoard, D., 2018 Plants of the Jemez Mountains Volume 2: Wildflowers: Showy Monocots and Common Dicots.
Foxx, T., Martin, C., and Hoard, D., 2019 Plants of the Jemez Mountains Volume 3: Composites.
eNature
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
National Garden Association
Native Plants Society of New Mexico
New Mexico Flora
Rocky Mountain Flora
Southwest Desert Flora
Wildflowers of the United States
US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Services
US Forest Service
Subject Area Experts (all guides)
Steve Cary (butterflies)
Beth Cortright (insects)
Terry Foxx (invasive plants)
Leslie Hansen (mammals)
Richard Hansen (fish, mammals)
Dorothy Hoard (butterflies, trees)
Chick Keller (flowers, herbarium)
Shari Kelley (geology)
Kirt Kempter (geology)
Garth Tietjen (reptiles)
David Yeamans (birds)
Web Development and Content Management
Pat Bacha
Jennifer Macke
Graham Mark
Akkana Peck
Contact
Please contact us for local nature questions and sightings. We welcome comments, corrections, and additions to our guides.
For more information about local nature, please visit our Nature Blog or subscribe to PEEC This Week.
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Showing 73 of 179 flowers.
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel |  Red Elderberry, Red Elder, Red-berried ElderSARA2 (Sambucus racemosa)Family: Adoxaceae (Moschatel) Size: up to 240 in (610 cm) Growth: shrub, tree; perennial Blooms: May 09 - Jul 22 Flower: simple; white; dome-shaped clusters of many tiny flowers; fragrant Leaf: dicot; opposite, pinnate-compound leaves with 5 to 7 leaflets Fruit: clusters of bright to dark red berries; seeds distributed by birds and mammals Status: native; locally common Habitat: mixed conifer --- woodland, wet meadow, prairie, field Typical location: Pajarito Canyon second crossing This plant is typically seen as a low-growing, shredding shrub. It sprouts from the root crown and/or rhizomes. The berries attract and are readily consumed by wildlife. In contrast, due to their sour taste, they and not usually eaten raw by humans but may used in the preparation of wine, jelly, and pies. Info Photos Distribution Tree Guide |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Terry Foxx |  Alpine False Springparsley, Mountain ParsleyPSMO (Pseudocymopterus montanus, Cymopterus lemmonii)Family: Apiaceae (Carrots) Size: 12 - 20 in (30 - 51 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 24 - Aug 15 Flower: simple; yellow; fan arrangement, round and flat topped on the tip of a long flowering stalk Leaf: dicot; very variable in leaf shape and size Fruit: oblong capsules with well-developed lateral wings and 2 seeds Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands, meadows Typical location: Valle Canyon The size and morphology of this plant depends on the elevation at which it is growing. It was originally classified in the genus Cymopterus or “waved wing” for which it is a close look alike. It is now classified as Pseudocymopterus or “False Cymopterus”. The roots and leaves of this plant have used as a food source by some Native Americans. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Stan Shebs  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel |  Antelope Horn Milkweed, Spider Milkweed, Green-flowered MilkweedASAS (Asclepias asperula)Family: Apocynoideae (Dogbanes) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 27 - Jul 19 Flower: simple; green and white; spherical flower clusters Leaf: dicot; lanceolate; open, airy network in alternate arrangement Fruit: growing seed follicles resemble antelope horns Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- semi-desert, foothills, woodlands, openings, washes Plant can have either an upright or a sprawling habit. Stems are covered with minute hairs. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Christina M. Selby  Photo: Ilja Fescenko | Feathery False Lily of the Valley, Feathery False Solomon's SealMARA7 (Maianthemum racemosum)Family: Asparagaceae (Asparagus) Size: up to 5 in (13 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 24 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; white; branched pyramid-shaped cluster at the end of the stem Leaf: monocot; lance-shaped with pointed tips; most are stalkless Fruit: green berries that turn dull red and then bright red Status: native; uncommon Habitat: mixed conifer --- montane, subalpine, woodlands Typical location: Valle Canyon This “False Solomon’s Seal” is distinguished from the “True Solomon’s Seals” by the flowers which are located at the end of the stem for the former and below the leaves along the stem for the latter. It is a shade-loving plant. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Parker Hopkins  Photo: Yvonne Keller  Photo: John Brew |  Banana Yucca, Broad Leave YuccaYUBA (Yucca baccata)Family: Asparagaceae (Asparagus) Size: 36 - 60 in (91 - 152 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 23 - Jun 23 Flower: simple; white tinged with red; large cluster hanging from a single, tall stem Leaf: monocot; sword-shaped; thick and rigid; spine-tipped Fruit: green to dark purple; banana-like in shape Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- semi-desert, foothills, woodlands, canyons, openings Typical location: Deer Trap Mesa This is the New Mexico state flower. The leaves were used for cord, the roots for soap, and the flower and fruit for food. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Patrick Alexander  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: CW Wood |  Navajo YuccaYUBAN (Yucca baileyi, Yucca navajoa)Family: Asparagaceae (Asparagus) Size: up to 72 in (183 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Jun 26 Flower: simple; white with purplish; grown on the end of very tall stalk Leaf: monocot; evergreen; long, thin, pointed leaves Fruit: large white to brown pod Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- mountains, adjacent woodlands and grasslands Typical location: Canyon Rim Trail paved section Yucca baileyi is quite similar to several other species of yucca in the area but can be distinguished by its tendency to grow in tight colonies at higher elevations than other yuccas. Fibers used for making various items. The roots can be used to make soap. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin |  Common Yarrow, Western Yarrow, MilfoilACMI2 (Achillea millefolium)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: up to 20 in (51 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Jun 08 - Sep 10 Flower: composite; white with yellow center; flat-topped or dome-shaped flowerhead clusters; long lasting Leaf: dicot; long leaflets in an alternate arrangement; further leaflet divisions give fern-like appearance; strong spicy aroma Fruit: capsules with thick margins and no hairs Status: naturalized plant; common Habitat: ponderosa --- semi-desert, foothills, montane, subalpine, meadows, woodlands, shrublands The Common Yarrow was introduced into North America from Europe and Asia during colonial times. It has since been naturalized throughout the US. It is a common cultivar and can be seen in gardens in a range of colors including reds and yellows. The genus Achillea was named for Achilles who treated soldiers’s wound during the Trojan War. In fact, Common Yarrow has a variety of medicinal uses including the treatment of wounds, burns, colds, fevers, and headaches. It has even been made into a beer. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Kathy Gillespie   Photo: Ellen Hildebrand | Lyreleaf Greeneyes, Chocolate Flower, Chocolate DaisyBELY (Berlandiera lyrata, Berlandiera incisa)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 03 - Sep 30 Flower: composite; yellow rays with brown centers and green cup-like bracts; rays have red veins on reverse side Leaf: dicot; gray-green; pinnate, deeply-lobed leaves with lyre-shaped curves; velvety Fruit: cup-like seedheads Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- dry, well-drained sites, sandy or rocky soils, roadsides, grasslands with mesquite, oak, and juniper Typical location: Red Dot Trail near bottom The common name of lyreleaf greeneyes comes from the shape of the leaf and the green eye-like disc left after the ray florets drop off. The "chocolate" scent of the flower is responsible for its other common names. In addition, the stamens are edible and have a chocolate flavor. The plant seems to disappear when it freezes but the roots are alive and will remain dormant until spring. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: | Rose Heath, Sand Aster, Smallflower AsterCHER2 (Chaetopappa ericoides)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 2 - 5 in (5 - 13 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Jun 19 Flower: composite; white; small radiate flowerheads; single head on a stem; immature flowers have pink tinge Leaf: dicot; green; small and sparse; alternative spacing; may have bristles on edges Fruit: numerous small, flattened, hairy fruit is tipped with numerous minute, white, barbed bristles Status: native; locally common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- semi-desert, shrublands, open areas Typical location: Deer Trap Mesa This plant grows in clumps with many, woody and hairy stems. Flower petals commonly curl downward in the evening and straighten with morning. An infusion made from the whole plant was used for rheumatism. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Susan Punjabi  Photo: Chick Keller | Trailing Fleabane, Whiplash DaisyERFL (Erigeron flagellaris)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: up to 8 in (20 cm) Growth: forb/herb; biennial Blooms: May 30 - Oct 31 Flower: composite; white and yellow with blush of pink; as many as 125 white ray florets; numerous yellow disc florets Leaf: dicot; light green; narrow; numerous arranged in clusters Fruit: tufted single seeds Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, meadows Typical location: Water Canyon Plant sends out runners along the surface of the ground to colonize large areas., forming extensive mats of clones. Tied bunches of plants used for brooms. Leaves used as a medicine and fumigant. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Dan Beckman | Running Fleabane, Running Daisy, Tracy's FleabaneERCO28 (Erigeron tracyi, Erigeron colomexicanus )Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 6 - 12 in (15 - 30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; biennial Blooms: Feb 01 - Dec 01 Flower: composite; white with yellow center, may have purple color on edges; a single flowerhead per stem made up of 100 ray florets and over 200 disc florets Leaf: dicot; basal leaves close together and wider toward the tip; stem leaves few and narrow; hairy Fruit: archenes topped with bristles Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- foothills, open areas, and woods Typical location: Red Dot Trail Spreads via runners during summer and fall. Similar in overall appearance to Spreading Fleabane but has runner similar to Whiplash Daisy. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Akkana Peck  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel |  Indian Blanket, Firewheel, Indian Blanketflower, SundanceGAPU (Gaillardia pulchella)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 18 - 24 in (46 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; annual, biennial, perennial Blooms: May 05 - Oct 15 Flower: composite; ray florets red to orange at base with yellow tips; sometimes all yellow or orange; disc florets are reddish-brown Leaf: dicot; alternate arrangement; long, wide and toothed Fruit: seedhead with pyramid-shaped cypselae and multiple hairs and scales Status: native; common Habitat: disturbed soil, pinyon-juniper --- roadsides, meadows, dry plains, open areas Typical location: White Rock This is a hardy plant, tolerating heat and dryness. Many varieties are popular for cultivation providing a showy splash of color to the garden. The plant is favored by honeybees and produces a dark reddish buttery tasting honey. It also attracts butterflies. The roots can be used to make a tea. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Becky Shankland  Photo: Craig Martin | Curlycup Gumweed, Curly-cup Gumweed, Rosinweed, TarweedGRSQ (Grindelia squarrosa)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 3 - 36 in (8 - 91 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, biennial, perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Oct 10 Flower: composite; yellow; daisy-like, medium sized multiple heads with many disc florets but with or without ray florets; “curlycup” comes from distinctive recurved bracts that enclose the flowerheads Leaf: dicot; green to gray-green linear leaves; margins smooth or toothed Fruit: short whitish to brown or gray capsules Status: native; uncommon Habitat: disturbed soil --- Road edges, especially in White Rock. Typical location: White Rock The plant, including the flower heads, produces a sticky, gummy resin; thus the origin of many of its common names. Curlycup Gumweed concentrates selenium giving it a very bitter taste and making it toxic to mammals. This plant is being studies as a potential source of biofuel to to its high content of several terpene compounds that can be converted to a fuel analogues to kerosene. It is an attractive plant for this use since it would not compete for areas used for traditional food crops. Info Photos Distribution Weed Guide |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin | Fendler's Ragwort, Fendler's Groundsel, Notchleaf SenecioPAFE4 (Packera fendleri, Senecio fendleri)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 4 - 16 in (10 - 41 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 30 - Aug 18 Flower: composite; yellow ray and disc florets; 6 to 8 ray florets Leaf: dicot; deeply notched almost to mid-rib; hairy; grow mostly at the base Fruit: tufted single seeds Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, ponderosa --- slopes, dry rocky or gravelly soils, along streams, open forests, disturbed sites Typical location: Valle Canyon The plant is abundant at a variety of elevations and habitats, so much so that it almost seems like a weed in some areas. It’s hairy stems were used by the Navajo for a variety of medicinal uses. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Dan Beckman | New Mexico GroundselPANEN (Packera neomexicana, Senecio neomexicanus)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Mar 09 - Jul 10 Flower: composite; yellow; 5 to 14 ray florets around 40 or more disc florets; clusters of between 3 and 20 flowerheads Leaf: dicot; wider at the tip than base; may have teeth and hairs; mostly located around the base Fruit: white puffs of hairs attached to seeds similar to dandelions Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands, openings Typical location: Perimeter Trail to Water Canyon Plants are often crowded together with an unusual abundance of flowers for each plant. Plants can often be fairly variable. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin | Wooton's Ragwort, Wooton's SenecioSEWO (Senecio wootonii)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: up to 24 in (61 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 01 - Jun 18 Flower: composite; yellow; on stems with few leaves terminating in a flowerhead; one long petal per flowerhead Leaf: dicot; have small teeth and long stalks with wings Fruit: achenes, ribbed and hairless Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- montane, woodlands, openings Typical location: Quemazon Trail When flower buds first appear they seem to only have disk flowers but the ray flowers appear with time. Plants in full sun bear a large number of flowers. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Akkana Peck  Photo: Akkana Peck | Thrift Mock Goldenweed, Thrifty Goldenweed, Ring Grass SunflowerSTAR10 (Stenotus armerioides)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: up to 10 in (25 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 30 - Jun 30 Flower: composite; yellow; 5 to 15 rays with 20 to 40 disc florets Leaf: dicot; presents as a mixture of old, dried leaves and bright green, thin, vertical leaves Fruit: capsule covered with fine silky hairs Status: native; locally common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- open wooded areas Typical location: Deer Trap Mesa Look for the shiny, sticky-looking (but not actually sticky) base beneath the flower (the penuncle). The common name of Ring Grass Sunflower comes from the plant’s circular growth pattern. As the plants age, they grow outward in a ring with the inner parts dying off. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin | Perkysue, Perky SueTEAR4 (Tetraneuris argentea, Hymenoxys argentea )Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: up to 15 in (38 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 01 - Aug 15 Flower: composite; yellow; found on the top of long leafless stalks; a dozen or so notched ray florets stick out very straight from the central disc florets Leaf: dicot; fuzzy silver leaves Fruit: achenes topped with scales Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- niches in solid rock areas Typical location: Lower Quemazon Trail Hearty plant that is the earliest blooming yellow daisy. Has been used heartburn and in a lotion for eczema. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Terry Foxx |  Stiff Greenthread, Hopi TeaTHFI (Thelesperma filifolium)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 4 - 16 in (10 - 41 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual Blooms: May 01 - Oct 30 Flower: composite; yellow ray flowers; reddish disc florets; Leaf: dicot; thin green leaves that are thread-like scattered along the stems Fruit: capsules with tufted hairs Status: native; common Habitat: disturbed soil --- dry hills and plains Typical location: Canyon Rim Trail paved section east end parking When budding, the flower heads droop but stand upright when open. The plant is used to make an herbal tea and is currently cultivated on the Colorado Plateau in New Mexico for this purpose. The seeds are eaten by some birds and the plant is larval food for the sulphur butterfly. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Brandt Magic  Photo: Don Lorie  Photo: Chuck Sexton | Yellow Salsify, Western Salsify, Oyster Plant, GoatsbeardTRDU (Tragopogon dubius)Family: Asteraceae (Daisies) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, biennial Blooms: May 19 - Sep 10 Flower: composite; yellow; single terminal flowerhead on a long stalk; outer florets have 5 small teeth at tip Leaf: dicot; basal and along the stems; grass-like but wider with pointed tips Fruit: long, thin brown seeds with a whitish beak attached a fluffy tannish-white seed head Status: naturalized plant; common Habitat: disturbed soil --- foothills, montane, openings, woodlands, fields Yellow Salsify was introduced from Europe and is naturalized across most of the United States. It is thought that it was brought into the country because the taproot is edible, tasting a bit like oysters. It is considered to be an invasive weed in many areas but has little economic impact. Overall, it is similar to a dandelion but much larger. Info Photos Distribution Weed Guide |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Terry Foxx | Fendler's Barberry, Colorado BarberryBEFE (Berberis fendleri)Family: Berberidaceae (Barberries) Size: 40 - 80 in (102 - 203 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Jun 22 Flower: simple; yellow; grows in clusters with 15 flowers each Leaf: dicot; simple, green spoon-shaped leaves Fruit: red, juicy, oblong fruit Status: native; locally common Habitat: ponderosa --- slopes and canyon bottoms at lower elevations This shrub has spiny stems and grows in colonies. Like other barberries, the fruit is edible and has antibacterial properties, used for enteric infections. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin | James' Cryptantha, James' Hiddenflower, James' CatseyeCRCIJ (Cryptantha cinerea, Oreocarya suffruticosa)Family: Boraginaceae (Borages) Size: up to 4 in (10 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 15 - Sep 10 Flower: simple; white with yellow corolla tube; dozen of clusters per plant that elongate with age Leaf: dicot; narrow, linear leaves; sparse hairs Fruit: four identical smooth nutlets Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- open areas, semi-desert Typical location: Anniversary Trail One of the most shrub-like of the genus with many branches and bristly hairs. Found in open areas below 8,000 ft (2,400 m). Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel | Manyflowered Stoneseed, Yellow Puccoon, Manyflowered GroomwellLIMU3 (Lithospermum multiflorum)Family: Boraginaceae (Borages) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Aug 02 Flower: simple; yellow; trumpet-shaped with 5 lobes Leaf: dicot; narrow; close together; slightly toothed; alternative arrangement Fruit: white, shiny nutlets Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- montane, subalpine, woodlands, openings This plant grows in clumps. The upper half is branched with numerous flower clusters. The roots and seeds have been used by some Native American tribes. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Meg Swan  Photo: mckinseyyy |  Prairie Bluebells, Narrowleaf Bluebells; ChimingbellsMELA3 (Mertensia lanceolata)Family: Boraginaceae (Borages) Size: 8 - 14 in (20 - 36 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 10 - Jun 10 Flower: simple; from pale blue to dark purple; bell-shaped, formed of five fused petals; pointed downwards Leaf: dicot; lanceolate; broad with a prominent center vein; alternate spacing; covered with hair Fruit: 4 nutlets encased in a persistent calyx Status: native; uncommon Habitat: ponderosa --- foothills, montane, woodlands, meadows, openings Typical location: Above Skating Rink Fresh flowers are light blue and then become more purple as their nectar supply is consumed. Often confused with other short Mertensia species. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Rebecca Shankland  Photo: J.N. Stuart |  Crossflower, Blue Mustard, Purple MustardCHTE2 (Chorispora tenella)Family: Brassicaceae (Mustards) Size: 6 - 24 in (15 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual Blooms: Mar 24 - Jun 19 Flower: simple; blue to purple; 4 petals; borne on racemes Leaf: dicot; grey-green; wavy-edged with teeth Fruit: long pods that curve upward; reddish brown seeds Status: naturalized plant; locally common Habitat: disturbed soil --- semi-deserts, foothills, fields, woodlands Typical location: White Rock This plant originated in Europe and Asia but was introduced in the US long ago. It is classified as a noxious weed in many areas due to its ability to take over open fields in the early spring. Has a strong musky odor. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Mike Anderson  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Dan Rideout |  Sanddune Wallflower, Western Wallflower, Wallflower, Prairie RocketERCA14 (Erysimum capitatum)Family: Brassicaceae (Mustards) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; biennial, perennial Blooms: Apr 15 - Jul 12 Flower: simple; yellow though may show as orange in some areas;4 flat petals; dense, rounded flower cluster on the top of the plant Leaf: dicot; long, thin leaves; rosette at the bottom of the plant; Fruit: narrow and nearly vertical seed pods Status: native; locally common Habitat: mixed conifer --- semi-desert to alpine, woodlands, meadows A highly variable species, often one of the first flowers in spring. The plant grows in a small group, often scattered over a large area. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Akkana Peck  Photo: Akkana Peck |  Tree Cholla, Walking Stick Cholla, Cane ChollaCYIM2 (Cylindropuntia imbricata)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: up to 120 in (305 cm) Growth: shrub, tree; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Jul 31 Flower: simple; pink; large and numerous; flowers are borne on a specific type of stem Leaf: dicot; leaves have been reduced to thick spines that numerous along the main branches Fruit: yellow and spineless; persists throughout winter Status: native; locally common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- open areas, scrub Typical location: White Rock Canyon The plant’s woody skeleton is often used to make walking sticks, hence the common names. This attractive cactus does not flower every year, but can be spectacular when it does flower. The fruit is edible but is not commonly eaten. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: J. Howell  Photo: Akkana Peck |  Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus, Claret Cup CactusECCOC (Echinocereus coccineus)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: up to 16 in (41 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 20 - Jun 22 Flower: simple; red with green stigma; rounded petals Leaf: dicot; leaves replaced by spines Fruit: greenish or yellowish to pinkish Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- semi-desert, woodlands, openings The plant grows in sprawling clusters (potentially up to 100 members) with low-to-medium spine cover and somewhat flabby stems. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Peter Alexander  Photo: Peter Alexander |  Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus, Fendler's Hedgehog CactusECFE (Echinocereus fendleri)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: 4 - 12 in (10 - 30 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 25 - Jun 15 Flower: simple; shades of pink with yellow anthers and green stigma; flowers are borne below the apex of the stem Leaf: dicot; white and black; one central spine and 4 to 10 radial spines Fruit: red, round and spiny; edible Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- dry slopes and in rocky areas in semidesert areas Typical location: White Rock It is a low growing, scrubby cactus, that grows alone or in small clumps with 5 to 20 stems. It is relatively inconspicuous and easy to overlook until it blooms as its showy, short-lived flowers are hard to miss. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: CK Kelly  Photo: Alex Abair | Kingcup Cactus, Claret Cup, Mojave MoundECTR (Echinocereus triglochidiatus)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: 6 - 9 in (15 - 23 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 15 - Jun 15 Flower: simple; red; funnel-shaped; grow at the top of stems, all at about the same height Leaf: dicot; densely spiny and somewhat woolly Fruit: exterior densely spiny and somewhat woolly with white pulp; juicy with spines; edible Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- low desert to rocky slopes, scrub, mountain woodland Typical location: White Rock The Kingcup is a mounding cactus, forming rounded piles of a few to hundreds of spherical to cylindrical stems. It is related to the Scarlet Hedgehog but has much fewer spines. It is the most wide-spread of the Echiniocereus genius and the most variable in appearance. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin |  Nylon Hedgehog Cactus, Green-Flowered Hedgehog, Small-Flowered Hedgehog, Green PitayaECVI2 (Echinocereus viridiflorus)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: up to 6 in (15 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; yellowish green; tubular; may have maroon stripes; delicate petal tips Leaf: dicot; spines are variable in color; short and numerous Fruit: variably colored fruit with white pulp Status: native; uncommon Habitat: grassland, scrubland --- desert scrub, woodlands, dry grasslands Typical location: White Rock, White Rock Canyon The plant is relatively easy to overlook. It consists of short, most unbranched, cylinders that form small clusters with a dozen or so members. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: Akkana Peck |  Spinystar, Pincushion Cactus, Beehive CactusESVI2 (Escobaria vivipara, Coryphantha vivapara)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: up to 6 in (15 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 15 - Jun 15 Flower: simple; pink; arise from tubercles at the top of the plant; conspicuously fringed Leaf: dicot; up to 40 white radial spines and several darker, central spines pointing outwards at various angles Fruit: green, ovoid fruits that turn dull brownish red; juicy Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- dry valleys, foothills, grasslands A favorite as an ornamental in nurseries, this cactus can be found at elevations up to 8,800 ft (2,700 m) as a single plant or small cluster of 20 or more stems. It was a common food source, roasted or boiled, for some Native American cultures. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Akkana Peck  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Matthew Salkiewicz |  Tulip Prickly Pear Cactus, Desert Prickly Pear, Brown-spined Pricklypear, Dark-spined Prickly PearOPPH (Opuntia phaeacantha)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: 4 - 10 in (10 - 25 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 20 - Aug 01 Flower: simple; yellow, orange, or pink; very large and open wide Leaf: dicot; clusters of 8 or fewer thick white or brown central spines; may have no spines on the base of the pads Fruit: reddish purple fruits with green flesh Status: native; common Habitat: disturbed soil, open area, scrubland --- grasslands, pine-juniper,scrub Typical location: Red Dot Trail Our most common species of prickly pear. It is highly variable and is prone to hybridize with other species. The fruit is edible and can sometimes be found in the markets. It is often used to flavor lemonade and margaritas. During dry periods the dark green pads may take on a purplish tinge. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Barbara Calef  Photo: Yvonne Keller  Photo: Donna Pomeroy | Plains Prickly Pear Cactus, Hairspine Pricklypear, Starvation Prickly PearOPPO (Opuntia polyacantha)Family: Cactaceae (Cacti) Size: 4 - 10 in (10 - 25 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 25 - Jul 05 Flower: simple; yellow or orange, and sometimes pink; Leaf: dicot; closely spaced clusters of spines that vary in color but are usually short and dense Fruit: tan to brown; almost burr-like Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- semi-desert, foothills, open areas Typical location: Burnt Mesa Trail, Red Dot Trail The plant is grows very close to the ground forming a spreading mat that is often partially covered by soil or grass and leaves. It is common to see semi-circular chunks taken out of the pads caused by animals nibbling on them. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Russel Pfau  Photo: Alison Young  Photo: Barbara Calef | Twinberry Honeysuckle, Bush Honeysuckle, Inkberry, Black Twinberry, Bearberry Honeysuckle, Four-line HoneysuckleLOIN5 (Lonicera involucrata)Family: Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckles) Size: 45 - 300 in (114 - 762 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 01 - Jul 31 Flower: simple; yellow with red; tubular paired flowers; sweetly scented and nectar-producing Leaf: dicot; elliptic to lance-shaped; opposite orientation Fruit: dark, shiny, purplish berries; surrounded by green woolly bracts that turn deep red with time Status: native; common Habitat: garden, mountain meadow, stream --- moist areas at forest openings and meadow edges at high altitude --- 7,000-10,000 ft (2,000 to 3,000 m) Typical location: East Fork of Jemez River, Frijoles Canyon Like other honeysuckles, this plant is often used as a garden ornamental. Its flowers attract hummingbirds and birds feed on the fruits. The berries are juicy but intensely bitter and potentially toxic for human consumption. However, they have been used as a dye source. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin | Field Chickweed, Chickweed, Mouse-ear ChickweedCEAR4 (Cerastium arvense)Family: Caryophyllaceae (Pinks) Size: 12 - 16 in (30 - 41 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 09 - Jul 12 Flower: simple; white; 5 petals, deeply notched into 2 lobes; open clusters Leaf: dicot; lance-linear; opposite; toothless Fruit: capsule; narrowly cylindrical and slightly curved Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- montane, subalpine, meadows Typical location: Valle Canyon A plant that grows from a taproot or systems of rhizomes. It can grow in various forms --- mat, clump, creeper or upright. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Rod  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Ellen Hildebrandt | Red Osier Dogwood, Red Twig DogwoodCOSE16 (Cornus sericea)Family: Cornaceae (Dogwoods) Size: 36 - 120 in (91 - 305 cm) Growth: shrub, tree; perennial Blooms: May 20 - Jul 14 Flower: simple; white; arranged in flat-topped clusters; fragrant; 4 stamens and 4 petals Leaf: dicot; simple and oblong; opposite arrangement; lighter green underneath Fruit: white berries; may be tinged with blue Status: native; uncommon Habitat: riparian --- found in wet canyons not too far from a stream Typical location: Pajarito Canyon second crossing Red Osier Dogwood is a multi-stemmed shrub with branches radiating from the base. Smaller branches and twigs are dark red, though plants in shaded areas may lack this coloration. Butterflies and other pollinators are attracted to the flowers. Birds will consume the berries. Info Photos Distribution Tree Guide |
 Photo: scottmo  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin | Nevada Peavine, White Peavine, Arizona PeavineLALAL3 (Lathyrus lanszwertii var. leucanthus)Family: Fabaceae (Peas) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb, vine; perennial Blooms: May 30 - Oct 25 Flower: simple; white with a small mount of pink; grow in clusters from long flower stalks Leaf: dicot; two types of leaves: elliptical (higher elevation) versus narrow, linear (lower elevation) Fruit: boat-shaped pod Status: native; uncommon Habitat: ponderosa --- montane, subalpine, woodlands Typical location: Canada Bonita Trail, Valle Canyon Grows from 4,000 ft (1.2 km) to timberline with elevation influencing leaf shape. Like other legumes, fixes nitrogen. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Patrick Alexander  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: James Bailey |  New Mexico Locust, Mescal BeanRONE (Robinia neomexicana)Family: Fabaceae (Peas) Size: up to 300 in (762 cm) Growth: shrub, tree; perennial Blooms: May 07 - Jul 22 Flower: simple; pink-to-purple; pea-shaped and fragrant; clusters hang from the branches near the ends Leaf: dicot; oblong leaflets arranged on either side of the stem with thorns at the base Fruit: hairy, bean-like pods; pods and seeds will persist for some time Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- deserts, mesa, canyons, conifer forests This many-branched, thicket-forming shrub has reddish-purple branches. Although a true locust, it does not have the invasive characteristics of other species. The New Mexico is sometimes used as an ornamental. Pueblo Native Americans traditionally ate the raw flowers, while the foliage and seeds are eaten by wildlife. Info Photos Distribution Tree Guide |
 Photo: Josip Loncaric  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel | Mountain Goldenbanner, Golden Pea, Montane Goldenbanner, BuckbeanTHMO6 (Thermopsis montana, Thermopsis rhombifolia)Family: Fabaceae (Peas) Size: 1 - 4 in (3 - 10 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 14 - Jun 11 Flower: simple; yellow; held on a spike above leaves in elongated clusters Leaf: dicot; 3 long, oval leaflets arranged on a stem compound Fruit: long, brown upright pod which dries to black Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- semi-desert, foothills, woodlands, meadows, open areas The plant has purplish stems with a white coating. The flowers which are particularly attractive to bumblebees have been used as a source of yellow dye. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Walter Siegmund |  American VetchVIAM (Vicia americana)Family: Fabaceae (Peas) Size: 6 - 30 in (15 - 76 cm) Growth: forb/herb, vine; perennial Blooms: May 27 - Sep 22 Flower: simple; purple; arranged in loose clusters Leaf: dicot; pinnate; alternate arrangement Fruit: oblong, flattened pod that hands down Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands, meadows A slender, climbing plant with tendrils that can attach to other vegetation or structures. Nitrogen fixer. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin | Redstem Stork's Bill, Redstem Filaree, Pinweed, CranesbillERCI6 (Erodium cicutarium)Family: Geraniacea (Geraniums) Size: 6 - 12 in (15 - 30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, biennial Blooms: Jan 02 - Dec 30 Flower: simple; pink, often with dark spots; arranged in loose clusters with 10 filaments Leaf: dicot; deeply cleft; fern-like Fruit: long, narrow, pointed seed pods Status: naturalized plant; common Habitat: disturbed soil --- desert scrub, grasslands, oak woodlands, semi-desert grassland, lawns, gardens; more common at lower elevations It was introduced into California from the Mediterranean Basin in the eighteenth century. The entire plant is edible and resembles a parsley when picked young. It is considered to be a weed in some areas. Info Photos Distribution Weed Guide |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: ajileong5 | Pineywoods Geranium, Purple GeraniumGECA3 (Geranium caespitosum)Family: Geraniaceae (Geraniums) Size: up to 18 in (46 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Oct 20 Flower: simple; pink or purple; 5 elliptic to obovate petals; dark veins Leaf: dicot; deep cuts and 5 to 7 rounded lobes; lined with large teeth Fruit: long thin capsule with 1 seed Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands Typical location: Valle Canyon Each plant only has a few flowers and tends to lean and sprawl. Can be seen trailside hidden by grasses with its reddish, short-hairy stems. Parts of the plant have been used as an astringent and to treat sores. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel | Richardson's Geranium, White CranesbillGERI (Geranium richardsonii)Family: Geraniaceae (Geraniums) Size: 8 - 32 in (20 - 81 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Oct 20 Flower: simple; white or purple with dark purple veins; 5 septals and 5 pointed petals Leaf: dicot; palmate-shaped with 5 segments Fruit: small, straight body with a short style Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands, meadows Typical location: Canada Bonita Trail This geranium is found just below tree line. Its size is sensitive to the amount of moisture it receives. It grows from a tough, woody taproot and will develop rhizomes as it ages. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: sea-kangaroo | Rocky Mountain Iris, Western Blue Flag Iris, Paria IrisIRMI (Iris missouriensis)Family: Iridaceae (Irises) Size: 12 - 36 in (30 - 91 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 30 - Jul 19 Flower: simple; blue to purple, rarely white; deeply veined; petals upright and spread out; usually only 2 or 3 per plant Leaf: monocot; stiff, very long, light green leaves with some white at the base Fruit: seedpods upright, large and chunky Status: native; common Habitat: montane --- foothills, subalpine, wetlands, meadows, openings Typical location: Canada Bonita Often found in large patches in meadows and mountain foothills but grows as a solitary plant in woods. Considered a nuisance in pasture land due to its bitter taste and grazing only promotes further growth. The Zuni used the chewed root as a poultice for newborns. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel |  Sego Lily, Nuttall's MariposaCANU3 (Calochortus nuttallii)Family: Liliaceae (Lilies) Size: 6 - 18 in (15 - 46 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 15 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; white with yellow base and red ring; sometimes pink or tinged with pink; 1 to 3 showy tulip-like flowers Leaf: monocot; curved and grasslike; alternate arrangement Fruit: upright, lance-shaped capsules Status: native; common Habitat: canyon, grassland, scrubland --- sandy soils, hot dry areas at up to 8,000 ft (2,500 m) elevations Typical location: Red Dot Trail, Ancho Canyon The common name for this plant (Sego) comes from the Shoshonean word for “edible”. The bulbs can be dried for use in winter, eaten raw, or roasted. The flowers have been used ceremonially. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: Sheri | Starry False Lily of the Valley, Starry False Solomon's SealMAST4 (Maianthemum stellatum, Smilacina stellata)Family: Liliaceae (Lilies) Size: 12 - 24 in (30 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; white; tiny star-like;small clusters at the tip of the stem Leaf: monocot; lance-shaped with smooth edges; slightly folded inward; alternative spacing Fruit: seed capsules turning yellow and then red Status: native; locally common Habitat: mixed conifer --- montane, subalpine, woodlands Thrives in moist locations. Starry False Lilly of the Valley has lateral underground roots from which new plants can sprout leading to colonies of plants. The fruits and leaves are eaten by bears. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: hikingsandiego | Western Blue Flax, Lewis Flax, Prairie FlaxLILE3 (Linum lewisii)Family: Linaceae (Flax) Size: 18 - 20 in (46 - 51 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Aug 18 Flower: simple; blue or purple; darker veins; 5 petals Leaf: dicot; narrow long leaves; bristle at top Fruit: sphericl to elliptical capsule; spits open on the top Status: native; uncommon Habitat: ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, woodlands, openings, meadows Typical location: Lower Quemazon Trail This flax has long slender stems that often bend over as buds develop. The buds will open at sunrise and stay open only part of the day. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Becky Shankland  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: Alex Abair | Adonis Blazingstar, Stickleaf, Manyflowered BlazingstarMEMU3 (Mentzelia multiflora)Family: Loasaceae (Blazingstar/Stickleaf) Size: 24 - 30 in (61 - 76 cm) Growth: forb/herb; biennial, perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Aug 31 Flower: simple; yellow or white with yellow center; 5 petals and 5 septa’s; long, outer rows of stamens resembling petals Leaf: dicot; bright green; long, narrow and lobed; covered in short, hooked hairs; sticky Fruit: greenish cup-shaped capsules; seeds oval with wing Status: native; uncommon Habitat: disturbed soil The Adonis Bazingstar has several distinctive features that make it relatively easy to recognize. It tall with whitish, multi branched stems. The lower surface of the leaves adheres tightly to clothing. The flowers open in the afternoon and are closed during the following morning. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: Akkana Peck |  Scarlet Globemallow, Caliche Globemallow, Cowboy's DelightSPCO (Sphaeralcea coccinea)Family: Malvaceae (Mallows) Size: 4 - 16 in (10 - 41 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; biennial, perennial Blooms: Apr 22 - Oct 15 Flower: simple; red to orange; overall saucer-shaped; 5 notched, broad petals in a terminal cluster Leaf: dicot; palm-like leaves covered in a soft, velvet layer of hair Fruit: schizocarp with up to 14 single-seeded carpels Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- semi-desert, foothills, disturbed areas, woodlands Typical location: Red Dot Trail The Scarlet Globemallow spreads by rhizomes and may lean over or stay close to the ground since its stems are not sturdy. It is covered in dense hairs. Deer and other wildlife will graze on the plant, while birds and small animals eat the fruit. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Barbara Calef | Tufted Evening Primrose, Fragarent Evening Primrose, Gumbo Evening PrimroseOECA10 (Oenothera caespitosa)Family: Onagraceae (Evening Primroses) Size: up to 8 in (20 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Mar 27 - Jul 17 Flower: simple; white; 4 petals that are deeply notched at tip; flowers become pink as they age Leaf: dicot; long, thin, lobed leaves; irregularly lobed or toothed Fruit: rough seedpods; inconspicuous Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- foothills, montane, woodlands, openings Typical location: Anniversary Trail Spreads by underground roots and often forms large colonies. Flowers open with the evening and wither to pink by the next afternoon. Dependent on hawkmoths for pollination. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin | Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush, Squawfleather, Southwestern Indian Paintbrush, Cola de BorrejoCAIN14 (Castilleja integra)Family: Orobanchaceae (Broomrapes) Size: up to 16 in (41 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: Apr 18 - Oct 20 Flower: simple; Red or orange specialized leaves or bracts form on spikes; flowers are a small green tubes protruding above the bracts Leaf: dicot; Narrow, unlobed, undivided; tinges of light purple on some Fruit: capsule filled with numerous seed Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper --- foothills, montane, shrublands, woodlands Typical location: Canyon Rim Trail paved section, Quemazon Trail The common name "wholeleaf" refers to the lack of lobes on the leaves and bracts. The plant’s roots will grow and penetrate those of other plants in order to obtain nutrients. The stems of the plant have white hairs. The Zuni used to mix the roots with minerals to make a black dye. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Rebecca Shankland  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin | Scrambled Eggs, Golden Smoke, Golden CorydalisCOAU2 (Corydalis aurea)Family: Papaveraceae (Poppies) Size: up to 18 in (46 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, biennial Blooms: Apr 01 - Aug 18 Flower: simple; yellow; spur at the back of each flower; form tightly packed clusters with up to 30 flowers Leaf: dicot; blue-green leaves divided into leaflets with oval or diamond lobes Fruit: cylindrical capsules; curve upward Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- montane, subalpine, woodlands Typical location: Valle Canyon Often mistaken for a pea rather than a poppy. The stems are weak and are often supported by vegetation or rocks. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Russell Pfau  Photo: Nathan Taylor | Beardlip Penstemon, Red Beardtongue, Scarlet BuglerPEBA2 (Penstemon barbatus)Family: Plantaginaceae (Speedwells) Size: 24 - 36 in (61 - 91 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Jun 08 - Oct 31 Flower: simple; red; tubular flowers with two lips; lower lip divided into 3 lobes and bent backwards; flowers dropped slightly; arranged in pairs Leaf: dicot; slender, long linear to oval; less frequent on the upper stems Fruit: capsules that split open longitudinally to release several brown seeds Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- open, rocky soil in mixed conifer forests Typical location: Dot Grant Trail Penstemon barbatus is one of the few red flowered penstemons. It gets its species name from ‘barbatus’ meaning bearded which is an allusion to the hairs into the throat of the flower. The leaves and stems may have a pale whitish covering. The plant has been used ceremonially, as a decoration, and for treatment of a variety of issues. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Lonny Holmes  Photo: M Hays | Firecracker Penstemon, Eaton's Penstemom, Eaton's FirecrackerPEEA (Penstemon eatonii)Family: Plantaginaceae (Speedwells) Size: 15 - 39 in (38 - 99 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 30 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; red; showy tubular flowers that do not spread much at the mouth; 2-lipped; flowers grow along spikes Leaf: dicot; thick, smooth and without teeth; basal leaves are oval; stalk leaves are lance-shaped; Fruit: greenish capsule Status: native; common Habitat: scrub, pinyon/juniper woodland, pine forest Firecracker Penstemons are most commonly seen in opening between Pinyon Pines. It thrives in drought conditions and high heat. The flowers are a rich source of nectar and therefore attract numerous hummingbirds. The birds will often defend a territory over a patch of these plants. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Stephen Shankland  Photo: Stephen Shankland | James' Penstemon, James' BeardtonguePEJA (Penstemon jamesii)Family: Plantaginaceae (Speedwells) Size: 4 - 20 in (10 - 51 cm) Growth: forb/herb, subshrub; perennial Blooms: May 20 - Jun 18 Flower: simple; pink to purple; growing down one side of the stem; broad throat with prominent streaks Leaf: dicot; bluish-green; lance-shaped; may have toothed edges Fruit: brown capsule that split open to reveal black seeds Status: native; uncommon Habitat: pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- mesas, limestone hills, pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine forests Typical location: White Rock This plant is very drought tolerant and can be propagated by seed or by cuttings taken in early summer. It attracts bees. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin |  Sidebells Penstemon, One-sided Penstemon, Sidebells BeardtonguePESE11 (Penstemon secundiflorus)Family: Plantaginaceae (Speedwells) Size: 12 - 18 in (30 - 46 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 04 - Jun 18 Flower: simple; pink to purple with white throat; occasionally all white; lower lip bearded; long spikes of flowers located on one side of stem. Leaf: dicot; blue-green; lance-shaped; hairless Fruit: oval capsule Status: native; locally common Habitat: mixed conifer --- plains, foothills, montane Typical location: Quemazon Trail The plant is distinguished by a rosette of leaves at its base and erect leaves on the stem. Hummingbirds are attracted to the flowers. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Jerry Friedman  Photo: Patrick Alexander | Upright Blue Beardtongue, Upright Blue Penstemon, Wandbloom PenstemonPEVI4 (Penstemon virgatus)Family: Plantaginaceae (Speedwells) Size: 8 - 24 in (20 - 61 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Jun 01 - Jul 31 Flower: simple; purple and/or white; 5-lobed corolla; throat streaked with dark purple guidelines Leaf: dicot; thin and long; occasionally bent upwards on either side Fruit: capsules that release short, dark brown seeds when split open Status: native; locally common Habitat: ponderosa --- pine forests, mountain meadows Typical location: Dot Grant Trail, Guaje Pines Cemetery Upright Blue Beardtongue is exclusively found in the wild at elevations above 5,000 ft (1,500 m). Its genus comes from “peane” (Latin) and “stamen” (Greek), meaning almost thread and alluding to the single sterile stamen in each flower. The roots have been used ceremonially by Navajo. The plant is of special value to native bees. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Christina M. Selby | Pygmyflower Rockjasmine, Rock Jasmine, RockJasmine, Northern Fairy CandelabraANSE4 (Androsace septentrionalis)Family: Primulaceae (Primroses) Size: 6 - 10 in (15 - 25 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, perennial Blooms: Mar 19 - Sep 01 Flower: simple; white with yellow center; enclosed by a green or reddish calyx; 5 petals Leaf: dicot; simple leaves formed in a rosette Fruit: small, smooth, round capsule containing about 20 seeds Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, ponderosa --- foothills, montane, subalpine, meadows, open woods Tiny plant often obscured by others. It turns shades of red shortly after finishing blooming. Can be found up to 11,000 ft (3,400 m). Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Corrie Clinton | Red Baneberry, SnakeberryACRU2 (Actaea rubra)Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercups) Size: up to 36 in (91 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 24 - Jun 30 Flower: simple; small and white; occur in dense, globular clusters Leaf: dicot; large, highly divided leaves; deeply saw-toothed Fruit: bright, red round berries Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- rich, moist, deciduous and coniferous woods, thickets Typical location: Valle Canyon Large bushy plant. Berries are poisonous to humans but not to birds. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Yvonne Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel | Western Red Columbine, Rocky Mountain Red ColumbineAQEL (Aquilegia elegantula)Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercups) Size: 6 - 12 in (15 - 30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 07 - Jul 14 Flower: simple; red and yellow; 5 long petals ending in spurs; often drooping Leaf: dicot; divided into three leaflets on long, slender stems Fruit: follicles with long, slender beaks Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- limestone outcroppings and ledges This plant can be seen at high elevations on rocky slopes. The red flowers attract hummingbirds. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Christina M. Selby  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Chick Keller |  American Pasqueflower, PasqueflowerPUPA5 (Pulsatilla nuttalliana)Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercups) Size: 3 - 18 in (8 - 46 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Mar 16 - Jun 19 Flower: simple; blue, purple and/or white; single cup-shaped flower on each stalk; 6 petals Leaf: dicot; deeply cut basal leaves; 3 unstalked leaves with linear segments surround each flower Fruit: feathery, silky fruiting head Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- dry, open, and rocky low to high montane forests and meadows Typical location: Bayo Bench Trail, Behind Guaje Pines Cemetery, Intersection of Pajarito Trail and Rendija Canyon Plants often occur in colonies. They elongate as they mature. Although the plant was used by Native Americans as a medicine it is highly toxic. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: faerthen | Graceful Buttercup, Plain ButtercupRAIN (Ranunculus inamoenus)Family: Ranunculaceae (Buttercups) Size: up to 12 in (30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 09 - Aug 27 Flower: simple; yellow; 5 petals; yellow stamens surrounding by greenish pistils; 3 to 7 flowers on a stem Leaf: dicot; ovate with 3 lobes; potential notch on the outer pair Fruit: long cylindrical heads with multiple one-seeded bumps; short hairs; tiny beak Status: native; uncommon Habitat: mixed conifer --- montane, subalpine, woodlands, meadows Typical location: Water Canyon This is a small, inconspicuous, and dainty plant with a species name that means "not attractive" or "drab". The plant is only indirectly pollinated by bees. The bees leave a large amount of pollen on the petals which is then washed down onto the stigmas by dew and rain. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo:  Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Ken -ichi Ueda | Fendler's Ceanothus, Buckbrush, Fendler's WhitethornCEFE (Ceanothus fendleri)Family: Rhamnaceae (Buckthorns) Size: up to 36 in (91 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Jul 17 Flower: simple; white; form clusters at the end of the stems; all flowers bloom at once Leaf: dicot; narrow dark green leaves; alternate arrangement Fruit: three-celled capsules; pink and glossy; forming a rounded triangle Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- open coniferous forest Thorny shrub that can be either upright or low and sprawling. There are usually several plants found together in the same place. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Josip Loncaric | Apache Plume, PonilFAPA (Fallugia paradoxa)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: 24 - 72 in (61 - 183 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: Jun 06 - Oct 31 Flower: simple; white flowers on the tips of very dense, intertangle branches; 5 petals Leaf: dicot; dark green with silver underneath Fruit: persistent, pink, feathery plumes said to resemble an Apache headdress Status: native; common Habitat: pinyon-juniper, ponderosa --- dry, rocky slopes, open woods, dry washes This multi-branched shrub is deciduous to semi-evergreen with a slender and upright habit. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: morel hunter | Old Man's Whiskers, Prairie Smoke, Purple AvensGETR (Geum triflorum)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: 6 - 15 in (15 - 38 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 24 - Jul 03 Flower: simple; white petals with pink and mostly covered with pink sepals; arranged in clusters of 3 to 5 flowers; nod downwards and mostly closed and bud-like Leaf: dicot; divided leaves with 7 to 17 primary leaflets; may have secondary leaflets in between Fruit: feathery seed pods Status: native; uncommon Habitat: montane --- subalpine, meadows Typical location: Canada Bonita Old Man's Whiskers is semi-evergreen with some of the basal leaves turning purplish and remaining over winter. The flowers attract bees with both nectar and pollen, the later is dislodged by using a sound technique known as buzz-pollinating. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel  Photo: Matt Lavin | Mountain NinebarkPHMO4 (Physocarpus monogynus)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: 72 - 84 in (183 - 213 cm) Growth: shrub; perennial Blooms: May 19 - Jul 17 Flower: simple; white tinged with pink; 5 petals arranged in a cup-like structure; overall appear in rounded clusters Leaf: dicot; simple, palmately lobed; alternate arrangement; turn red in the fall Fruit: pointed follicles arranged in upright hemispherical clusters; initially red and then turning reddish brown Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer, ponderosa --- rocky, dry hillsides Typical location: Rendija Canyon Plants in the genus Phtsocarpus are known as “ninebark” due to its distinguishing feature of ragged peeling bark revealing several layers and colors. Mountain Ninebark is found at elevations between 5,500 and 10,000 ft (1,700 and 3,000 m). The roots have been used by Native Americans in a pain-relieving poultice, while the twigs are food for wildlife. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Jennifer Macke  Photo: Jerry Oldenettel | Chokecherry, Bitterberry, Western ChokecherryPRVI (Prunus virginiana)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: 72 - 240 in (183 - 610 cm) Growth: shrub, tree; perennial Blooms: May 07 - Jun 19 Flower: simple; white with yellow centers; arranged in dense clusters Leaf: dicot; dark-green above and gray-green beneath; elliptic to obovate with sharply toothed margins Fruit: red berries ripening to dark purple Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- fields, mountains, along fresh water Typical location: Valle Canyon Chokecherries form dense thickets and are important as a wildlife food plant as well as providing protected habitat. The chokecherry is very tart raw but cooking it allows it to be made into a good jelly. Info Photos Distribution Tree Guide |
 Photo: Chick Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: John Brew | Prairie Rose, Wild Rose, Arkansas RoseROAR3 (Rosa arkansana)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: 6 - 40 in (15 - 102 cm) Growth: subshrub; perennial Blooms: Jun 06 - Jul 28 Flower: simple; pink and white; 5 petals; 1 to 4 flowers typically form at and of new shoots; buds deeper pink than open flowers Leaf: dicot; dark green, hairy, and with serrated edges; compound with 9 to 11 elliptical leaflets Fruit: round berry-like fruit known as a rose hip with light brown seeds inside; clusters of rose hips remain on the plant throughout fall and winter Status: native; common Habitat: ponderosa --- prairies, roadsides, ditches Typical location: Above Los Alamos Individual Prairie Rose flowers only last a few day but are fragrant. The flowers only provide pollen, no nectar, to visiting insects. Insects and some mammals feed on the foliage; while some birds like the prairie chicken and quail feed on the rose hips. The plant which is covered with thorns, generally dies back to near the base each year due to freezing. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Yvonne Keller  Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: tw61 | ThimbleberryRUPA (Rubus parviflorus)Family: Rosaceae (Roses) Size: up to 72 in (183 cm) Growth: subshrub; perennial Blooms: Jun 02 - Jul 17 Flower: simple; white with yellow center; large with 5 petals; terminal cluster with 3 to 7 flowers Leaf: dicot; large, lobed like a maple leaf; fuzzy on both sides; turn gold to brown in fall Fruit: red, hairy drupelet or aggregate fruit; looks similar to a raspberry Status: native; locally common Habitat: mixed conifer --- wooded hillsides, stream banks, canyons Typical location: Valle Canyon A thimbleberry is hollow, like a raspberry, so that one can fit it on the tip of a finger like a thimble, potential given the plant its common name. The fruit can be eaten fresh and makes a flavorful jelly but is rarely cultivated commercially as it is delicate. The young shoots of the plant can be eaten raw, and the leaves can be made into a tea for a wound treatment. Thimbleberry provides an important food source for ungulates, small mammals, and birds. The seeds are dispersed by animals. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: annagypsy  Photo: Craig Martin | Davis Mountain Mock Vervain, Desert Verbena, Wright's VerbenaGLWR (Glandularia wrightii)Family: Verbenaceae (Verbena) Size: 6 - 12 in (15 - 30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; annual, perennial Blooms: Mar 01 - Sep 30 Flower: simple; light to dark pink; narrow tube that opens abruptly into 5 notched lobes with 2 close together Leaf: dicot; deeply lobed leaves at opposite intervals Fruit: acorn-shaped seed Status: native; common Habitat: montane, mountain meadow --- semi-desert, foothills, woodlands Typical location: Red Dot Trail Plant has greenish-red stems that are covered in short hairs and square in cross-section. Stems are erect, though may lean at an angle when flowering. Flowers form round clusters. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Krissa Klein  Photo: Craig Martin | Hookedspur Violet, Blue Violet, Hook Violet; Dog VioletVIAD (Viola adunca)Family: Violaceae (Violets) Size: up to 12 in (30 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: Apr 05 - Jul 12 Flower: simple; blue to purple; single flowers growing on long, thin stems; 5 petals; top 2 may have spurs Leaf: dicot; heart-shaped; wavy margins Fruit: hanging ovoid capsule with dark brown seeds Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- woodlands, montane, subalpine, alpine Scores of flowering plants commonly cover large areas. Often hidden among taller grasses and plants. Info Photos Distribution |
 Photo: Craig Martin  Photo: Craig Martin | Canadian White Violet, Canada VioletVICA4 (Viola canadensis)Family: Violaceae (Violets) Size: 8 - 16 in (20 - 41 cm) Growth: forb/herb; perennial Blooms: May 07 - Jul 12 Flower: simple; white and yellow, potentially streaked with other colors; bilaterally symmetrical; back of the petals may be more highly colored than front Leaf: dicot; deep green; heart-shaped with rounded teeth Fruit: oval capsule; initially green but turning brown when ripe Status: native; common Habitat: mixed conifer --- foothills, montane, woodlands Often grows in clumps. The flowers are edible and can be used in a salad or tea. In contrast, other parts of the plant are poisonous. Info Photos Distribution |
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